在一个美式英语环境里学习，怎么能不了解西方的文化！本技术贴介绍西方的政治系统，政府的作用和在debate中的应用。

1. Ideas to Keep in Mind
What makes a good government?
What do you think of democracy?
What do you think of Western/American government?
What do you think of the Chinese government?
What do you think of human rights?
TIP: Stop being Chinese for the next 10 minutes!

2. What is a “WLD”?
Usually a reference to the US or other developed European nations
---- Sometimes referred to as “OECD”
Basically, any country fulfilling the following criteria:
--- Democratic political structure
--- Strong conception of human rights
--- High per capita GDP
--- Some sort of social welfare system

3. Western Ideas of Government
--- Less is more!
Western nations often preference individual rights
Society is less important than individual autonomy,
e.g., flag burning in the US or prostitution in the Netherlands
--- Government has responsibility to act morally
Economic growth is never an excuse for government
--- People’s distrust of officials and government
Many protections in place to restrict power

4. Western HR: Speech Rights
--- Freedom of Speech
Expressing opinions vs. “dangerous speech”
--- Freedom of Demonstration
Peaceful demonstrations vs. “riots” (Occupy Wall St.?)
--- Freedom of Association
Not illegal to associate with dangerous groups
--- Freedom of Religion
State may not compel you to believe or support a faith

5. Western HR: Legal Rights
--- Right to Legal Representation (“indigent defense”)
Attorneys provided to you if you can’t afford one; always someone to represent you
--- Right Against “Unreasonable” Search & Seizure
Police must secure proper documents from a judge; If a policeman stops you and asks for ID without proper document, you can refuse to do so.
--- Right to “Due Process”
No “unusual procedure” permitted for any defendant
--- Right to a Speedy Trial
Cannot delay trial or seeing a judge; separate branch

6. The Original WLD: USA, USA!
Political structure:
--- Separation of powers
Judicial branch; legislative branch; administrative branch
Check and balance between 3 branches
--- Federal system
Local governance of states combined with national or “federal” governmental structure for national issues
Pros: Diversity, representation, experimentation
Cons: Huge legal and administrative differences
--- Party politics
Two major parties: Democrats & Republicans
“Liberal” vs. “conservative”
Deadlock in Congress: Problems with two-party politics
--- Presidential politics
President’s office staffs most of the important agencies and bureaus
Internationally only the presidents’ affiliation matters

7. WLDs & Debate Motions
--- Right to Bear Arms ---- gun control
THBT the right to bear arms should be repealed.
--- Freedom of Speech --- media
THW give citizens the right to offend religion.
THW censure artists who glorify violence.
\THW give younger adults fewer rights than older ones
THBT rights of the individual are more important than the rights of society.

最后还是给 Professor Jennifer Marquardt 宣传一下~ 辩论社欢迎你的到来！！！