今天将的要点主要为三处 ①must be doing一定正在干什么 could have done/might have done 可能做了某事 couldn’t have done 不可能干过某事 needn‘t have done本不必做某事 should have done/should not have done =ought to have done/ought not to have done 本应该做而没有做/本不该做而做了
③ as if似乎 好像as though even if即使 纵然 就是 哪怕 even though with的复合结构后不接句子 with + 宾语 + doing (表示主动,正进行) He lies there, with his eyes looking at the window. with + 宾语 + do+ed(表被动) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. with + 宾语 + 动词不定式,即:to do(表将来) (to do无被动形式)→_→ I can’t go out with a lot of homework to do with the windows open(adj.) with time going by(v·ing) with a book in his hand (prep phrase) with a lot of difficlut prombles settled(v·ed) with a lot of homework to do(to do)
①V-ing 作伴随状语表示动作发生的过程 I stood under the tree reading the newspaper. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park burying herself in the book. without 为介词 介词+V-ing 常考查被动 without being dealt with
③当that前十单数可数名词且该名词前面有形容词修饰时 so + adj.+a/an +n.或such+a/an + adj.+n. It was such a fine day/so find a day 在so…that…的结构中 若将so+adj./adv.置于句首 其后的 主语要用部分倒装 So cold was the weather (原The weather was so cold) that we had to stay at home. So fast does light travel (原Light travels so fast ) that it is hard for us to imagine its speed. 部分倒装,将助动词(dose do did have has had)系动词(am is are was were) 情态动词(①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ④有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to)提到主语前面 I love you→do I love you He loves you→dose he love you I loved you→did I love you I am love it→am I love it I can do it→can I do it I have/had finish it→have/had I finish it he has been doing/has he been doing(过去完成时)
首先了解四个术语 定语 定语从句 先行词 关系词 定语:定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句。 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词 that which who whom whose as 关系副词 where when why等 关系词有三个作用 ①引导定语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1. 限定性定语从句:对先行词起到修饰限制的作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。这类从句不能省掉, 否则句子的意义就不完整。 I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我办公室唯一被邀请的人 2. 非限定性定语从句:同主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明,不起限制的作用,如 果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这类定语从句在书写时大多用逗号与主句分开。 Last week I met John, who seemed to be very excited. 上个星期我遇见约翰 他看起来很激动
三、关系代词: A. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 1. A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the manthat I told you about.