八年级上英语语法 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如 When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如 Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如 Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等有“竟会”的意思例如 How should I know? 我怎么知道 Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚 should有时表示应当做或发生的事例如 We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如 You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如 You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如 We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词都可以指人或事物但是what仅用来询问职业。如 What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的 该句相当于 What does your father do?
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What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如 ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特 ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指所指的事物没有范围的限制而 Which...?是特指所指的事物有范围的限制。如 What color do you like best? 所有颜色 你最喜爱什么颜色 Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 有特定的范围 你最喜爱哪一种颜色 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如 Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些 always总是一直 usually通常 often常常经常 sometimes有时候 never从不 2.频度副词的位置 a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如 David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如 We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在710去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾用来表示强调。如 Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时主语、谓语动词要倒装。如 Never have I been there. 5) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语译为“每一天”。如
We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天710去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。 What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么 6) 什么是助动词 1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词Auxiliary Verb。被协助的动词称作主要动词Main Verb。 助动词自身没有词义不可单独使用例如 He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。 doesn't是助动词无词义like是主要动词有词义 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用可以用来 a. 表示时态例如 He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态例如 He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句例如 Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗 Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗 d. 与否定副词not合用构成否定句例如 I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气例如 Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 3.最常用的助动词有be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
man单数---men复数 banana单数---bananas复数 3.动词有原形第三人称单数形式-ing分词过去式过去分词。如 go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如 The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself. 13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式 名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 I 名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如 pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词词尾加-es。如 class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词词尾加-es。如 potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词将-y变为-i,再加-es。如 family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词将-f或-fe变为-v再加-es。如 half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves 但是 scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs II 名词复数的不规则变化
drop→dropping 放弃 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 swim→swimming 游泳 run→running 跑步 dig→digging 挖、掘 begin→beginning 开始 prefer→preferring 宁愿 plan→planning 计划 15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词 1.some变为any。如 There are some birds in the tree. →There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中some可以不变。如 Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 2.and变为or。如 I have a knife and a ruler. →I don't have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如 They have a lot of friends.可数名词 →They don't have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.不可数名词 →There isn't much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet。如 I have been there already. →I haven't been there yet. 16) in与after in 与 after 都可以表示时间但二者有所区别。 1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中以现在为起点表示将来一段时间。如 He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。 2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中以过去为起点表示过去一段时间。如 He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。 不过如果after后跟的是具体的时刻它也可用于将来时。如
We will finish the work after ten o'clock. 十点后我们会完成工作的。 3.注意区分以下的in的用法。 I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。 I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。 17) 不定冠词a与an的使用 1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如 There is a "b" in the word "book". 单词book中有个字母b。 She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。 2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如 There is an "i" in the word "onion". 单词onion中有个字母i。 Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗 3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如 a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person 18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴” 英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种常见的有以下这些 1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如 He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。 You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。 2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如 The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。 The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。 3、dress 可作及物动词有“给......穿衣”的意思后接“人”而不是“衣
服”。如 Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物动词表示衣着的习惯。如 The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。 4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如 John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。 The man in black is a football coach. 19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of) a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢 1. a little 意为“一些、少量”后接不可数名词。如 There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。 还可以接形容词。如 He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。 2. a few 意为“一些、少数”后接复数的可数名词。如 There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。 3. a bit 意为“一点儿”后接形容词。如 It's a bit cold. 有点冷。 a bit of 后接不可数名词。如 He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。 4. a little 表肯定意义little 表否定意义a few 表肯定意义few 表否定意义。如 There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。 There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。 I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。 Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。 5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词 a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词意为“有点儿”。 20) 关于like的用法 like 可以作动词也可以作介词。 1、like 作动词表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”有泛指的含义。如 Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗 like 后可接不定式like to do sth也可接动词的-ing分词like doing sth有时意思不尽相同。如
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。习惯 She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。平常不喜欢吃 like 与 would 连用后接不定式表示愿望或客气的请求。如 Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗 “喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如 They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。 2、like 作介词可译成“像......”。如 She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好就像母亲一样。 It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。 3、区分以下句子 A. What does he look like? B. What is he like? A句译为“他长相如何”指一个人的外貌特征而B句译为“他人怎么样”指人的性格特点。 C. The boy like Peter is over there. D. A boy like Peter can't do it. A句指外貌相似而D句指性格相似。 21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth 1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如 The students stop to listen to their teacher. 学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。 2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如 The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。 与它们相反的句式是go on to do sth “继续做某事与刚才一事不同”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事与刚才同一件事”。如 He finishes his homework and goes on to study English. 他完成了作业接着继续去念英语。 They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。 22) tell, speak, say 与 talk 1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如 He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。 Father always tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事
