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2、Muslims are infiltrating America!
穆斯林正在渗透美国社会
Then there’s Roya Hammad, who was introduced to us in the Season 2 premiere. An Oxford-educated television reporter, she is so successful and well-respected (think Christiane Amanpour) that she’s able to arrange interviews with members of Congress and senior CIA officials at the drop of a hat (not for professional purposes, we find out, but to act as a distraction while Brody carries out a sinister task for Abu Nazir). Sexy, self-assured and thoroughly modern, Hammad is also a
loyal lieutenant of the Muslim fanatic leader (so much for trusting Oxbridge
degrees and tight skirts). She reveals to Brody that she knows Abu Nazir
because “our families have been close since 1947. They were refugees from
Palestine together.” Since the show doesn’t bother explaining how they became
refugees or what that might have meant for their families (their plight, after
all, is irrelevant), viewers are left to believe that Muslims/Arabs participate
in terrorist networks like Americans send holiday cards. The implicit message
is that millions of Palestinian refugees and their descendants (or all Muslims
since they are interchangeable on “Homeland”) can pose a similar threat merely
because of their backgrounds. And perhaps the even more insidious implication
is one that Michele Bachmann would love: that Muslims, no matter how
successful, well-placed and integrated, are a hidden danger to their fellow
Americans.
其次是第二季中的Roya Hammad，一位牛津毕业的记者，她如此有名望甚至可以随时安排与国会议员和cia高管的对话。然而性感、自信成熟的Hammad却是一名狂热的穆斯林信徒。她对brody说两家自1947年便交好，他们同为巴勒斯坦难民，观众们自然而然的就相信穆斯林、阿拉伯人就必然参与恐怖主义活动。潜在信息就是数百万的巴勒斯坦难民及其后裔仅仅因为他们的族裔背景就与对美国的威胁联系在一起。而可能更为隐晦的信息就是：不论多么成功、地位多么高的穆斯林都是对美国的威胁(这似乎应该是Michele Bachmann的观点，她是美国共和党人，明尼苏达州国会议员)
“It does not matter whether they are rich, smart, discreetly enjoying a Western lifestyle or attractive: All are to be suspected,” writes Peter Beaumont in the Guardian (“Homeland” has also attracted a large following in the U.K.).
“无论他们是否富有、智慧，是否享受西式的生活或者有魅力：他们都应该被怀疑，：卫报记者Peter Beaumont写到。
穆斯林正在渗透美国社会
Then there’s Roya Hammad, who was introduced to us in the Season 2 premiere. An Oxford-educated television reporter, she is so successful and well-respected (think Christiane Amanpour) that she’s able to arrange interviews with members of Congress and senior CIA officials at the drop of a hat (not for professional purposes, we find out, but to act as a distraction while Brody carries out a sinister task for Abu Nazir). Sexy, self-assured and thoroughly modern, Hammad is also a
loyal lieutenant of the Muslim fanatic leader (so much for trusting Oxbridge
degrees and tight skirts). She reveals to Brody that she knows Abu Nazir
because “our families have been close since 1947. They were refugees from
Palestine together.” Since the show doesn’t bother explaining how they became
refugees or what that might have meant for their families (their plight, after
all, is irrelevant), viewers are left to believe that Muslims/Arabs participate
in terrorist networks like Americans send holiday cards. The implicit message
is that millions of Palestinian refugees and their descendants (or all Muslims
since they are interchangeable on “Homeland”) can pose a similar threat merely
because of their backgrounds. And perhaps the even more insidious implication
is one that Michele Bachmann would love: that Muslims, no matter how
successful, well-placed and integrated, are a hidden danger to their fellow
Americans.
其次是第二季中的Roya Hammad，一位牛津毕业的记者，她如此有名望甚至可以随时安排与国会议员和cia高管的对话。然而性感、自信成熟的Hammad却是一名狂热的穆斯林信徒。她对brody说两家自1947年便交好，他们同为巴勒斯坦难民，观众们自然而然的就相信穆斯林、阿拉伯人就必然参与恐怖主义活动。潜在信息就是数百万的巴勒斯坦难民及其后裔仅仅因为他们的族裔背景就与对美国的威胁联系在一起。而可能更为隐晦的信息就是：不论多么成功、地位多么高的穆斯林都是对美国的威胁(这似乎应该是Michele Bachmann的观点，她是美国共和党人，明尼苏达州国会议员)
“It does not matter whether they are rich, smart, discreetly enjoying a Western lifestyle or attractive: All are to be suspected,” writes Peter Beaumont in the Guardian (“Homeland” has also attracted a large following in the U.K.).
“无论他们是否富有、智慧，是否享受西式的生活或者有魅力：他们都应该被怀疑，：卫报记者Peter Beaumont写到。
Roya, of course, was not the first character of this type. Last season, viewers met a quiet, bespectacled professor, Raqim Faisel, and his blond American wife, Aileen. The couple cynically uses the quintessential symbol of patriotism, an American flag, as a secret terrorist code. The message, once again, seems to be that Muslim
terrorists are lurking under every stone, especially in places of power and
influence, from top television news networks and universities to the halls of
Congress and even the presidential ticket.
当然Roya并不是第一个在影视剧中出现的此类人物。在第一季中的戴眼镜的书生式的教授Raqim Faisel及其金发妻子Aileen就是例子。这对夫妇用一个经典的爱国主义行为---在自家门口挂上美国国旗---讽刺式地代表恐怖主义行动暗号。这种信息再一次的表达了这一观点---穆斯林恐怖分子无处不在，特别是权利利益圈，从声名显赫的电视台和大学到国会山，甚至在总统选票上。
Najla Said, a New York-based Arab American actress, auditioned for the role of Roya months ago. She was troubled enough by the Beirut episode that she emailed her
friend,”Homeland” star Mandy Patinkin, who plays veteran CIA agent Saul
Berenson. “I think I’d actually call it bad research, coupled with orientalist
fantasies,” she wrote. “What they have ended up with is just a complete mockery
of the ‘culture’ of that city.” She said Patinkin promised to relay her
observations to the producers. Said told me that she is concerned that the
inaccuracies in “Homeland,” which is based on an Israeli show (“Hatufim” or
“Prisoners of War”) and has a number of Israelis on its team including the
show’s creator and writer Gideon Raff, will only “foster misunderstanding” and
lead Arabs to say, “See everyone hates us.”
为Roya配音的阿拉伯裔纽约人Najla说，她很难接受贝鲁特那一集的内容，之后她给了她在homeland剧组中扮演CIA探员Saul Berenson的朋友Mandy一封信。“我认为这是由那些华府所谓的中东问题专家的疯狂幻想导致的失败。他们最终表现的内容是对那座城市文化的完全不负责任的颠覆。”她说Mandy答应她会把信转交给homeland的制作人。这位配音演员告诉我他很担心homeland的不实描写，尤其是剧组中的一些以色列人，包括这部剧集的创作者和编剧Gideon Raff只会加深东西方的误解。
But you won't find this scene anywhere in Columbia University Middle Eastern Studies professor Joseph Massad's critique of the show. Massad's piece, published at Alternet under the title "Showtime's 'Homeland' Demonizes Arabs and Prepares Americans For Bombing Iran," is one of several recent attacks on Homeland that accuse the show of racism, Islamophobia, and knee-jerk militarism. In Salon, Al-Jazeera producer Laila Al-Arian dubbed it "TV's Most Islamophobic Show," while Peter Beaumont, the foreign affairs editor of The Guardian, claimed in a stinging column that "both Arabs and Islamists have been portrayed thus far as violent fanatics, some of whom are powerful and influential infiltrators."
但哥伦比亚大学中东问题研究中心教授Joseph Massad对homeland的评论却不这么认为。他的名为“homeland对阿拉伯人的妖魔化以及对美国轰炸伊朗的理论准备”的评论是最近几个批评homeland宣扬种族主义、反伊斯兰化和武力解决争端的文章之一。《土星报》Laila
Al-Arian也表达了相似的观点，同时《卫报》记者Peter Beaumont发出了阿拉伯人是暴力爱好者的谬论。
Yet none of these critiques—all written long after the episode quoted above aired—make any attempt to grapple with the counter-evidence to their allegations of bigotry. In doing so, they miss what makes this show so valuable. That's because Homeland, which wrapped up its second season on Sunday, is no gung-ho salute to U.S. militarism and tactics in the war on terror, nor a black-and-white portrayal of "good" Americans versus "evil" Muslims. In fact, a closer look at the drama reveals just the opposite of what its critics claim: a show that challenges the prejudices of its viewers rather than affirming them.
然而这些写于我上文引用的homeland对话播出之后评论没有一篇尝试寻找相反的论据。正是因为如此，他们忽略了homeland最有价值的思想。那时因为homeland并没有对美国对中东的军事行动和反恐战争的策略唱赞歌，也没有对美国与伊斯兰社会的是与非划分明确的界限。事实上，只要对homeland有一个稍微深入的了解就可以知道本剧与上述批评有多大差别：这是一部要求观众反省对于伊斯兰世界认识而不是加深歧视的剧集。
但哥伦比亚大学中东问题研究中心教授Joseph Massad对homeland的评论却不这么认为。他的名为“homeland对阿拉伯人的妖魔化以及对美国轰炸伊朗的理论准备”的评论是最近几个批评homeland宣扬种族主义、反伊斯兰化和武力解决争端的文章之一。《土星报》Laila
Al-Arian也表达了相似的观点，同时《卫报》记者Peter Beaumont发出了阿拉伯人是暴力爱好者的谬论。
Yet none of these critiques—all written long after the episode quoted above aired—make any attempt to grapple with the counter-evidence to their allegations of bigotry. In doing so, they miss what makes this show so valuable. That's because Homeland, which wrapped up its second season on Sunday, is no gung-ho salute to U.S. militarism and tactics in the war on terror, nor a black-and-white portrayal of "good" Americans versus "evil" Muslims. In fact, a closer look at the drama reveals just the opposite of what its critics claim: a show that challenges the prejudices of its viewers rather than affirming them.
然而这些写于我上文引用的homeland对话播出之后评论没有一篇尝试寻找相反的论据。正是因为如此，他们忽略了homeland最有价值的思想。那时因为homeland并没有对美国对中东的军事行动和反恐战争的策略唱赞歌，也没有对美国与伊斯兰社会的是与非划分明确的界限。事实上，只要对homeland有一个稍微深入的了解就可以知道本剧与上述批评有多大差别：这是一部要求观众反省对于伊斯兰世界认识而不是加深歧视的剧集。
Homeland also gives sympathetic treatment to the Muslim faith of Sergeant Nicholas Brody (Damian Lewis). While the character—an imprisoned marine who is initially turned to terrorism—oscillates between aiding Abu Nazir and ultimately siding with the CIA, his Muslim faith remains constant throughout and is shown to be
independent of his political allegiances. To be fair,Homeland walks a fine line by having Brody take up both terrorism and Islam, but in the end, it shows that the two are wholly distinct. Thus, after Brody assists the CIA in finding and killing Abu Nazir, he is shown absorbed in morning prayers—a sight that deters a black-ops U.S. government assassin from shooting him.
Homeland同时对主角brody的伊斯兰信仰持正面态度。当这个曾经的俘虏的立场在恐怖分子阵营导与CIA之间摇摆时，他的信仰却一直坚定并且独立于政治立场之外。客观地说，homeland起初并没有明确的区分brody的恐怖主义行为和伊斯兰信仰，但最终我们知道他们是完全不同的。因此在brody帮助cia抓捕并杀死nazir之后，他仍然会在早上进行祷告。
Now, naturally, any television show about the modern war on terror in the Middle East is going to have Middle Eastern terrorists, both Arab and Muslim.Homeland certainly has those. But what's remarkable about the show is how many non-Arab
and non-Muslim villains it features, including in the highest echelons of the US government and its security agencies. Most notably, there is the corrupt Vice President William Walden (Jamey Sheridan), who publicly lies about a drone strike that killed 83 children to further his political career and ultra-hawkish foreign policy, and the CIA counter-terrorism director David Estes (David Harewood) who helps him cover it up. In a conspiracy worthy of the feverish imagination of America's worst foes, the two even plot to assassinate Brody, who has knowledge of the
strike, to prevent their wrongdoing from coming to light.
毫无疑问任何关于中东反恐战争的剧集都会出现中东的恐怖分子。Homeland当中也有。但引人注目的是homeland刻画了许多在美国政府高层的非阿拉伯和非穆斯林的反面人物。其中就包括副总统William Walden和cia副局长David Estes。
independent of his political allegiances. To be fair,Homeland walks a fine line by having Brody take up both terrorism and Islam, but in the end, it shows that the two are wholly distinct. Thus, after Brody assists the CIA in finding and killing Abu Nazir, he is shown absorbed in morning prayers—a sight that deters a black-ops U.S. government assassin from shooting him.
Homeland同时对主角brody的伊斯兰信仰持正面态度。当这个曾经的俘虏的立场在恐怖分子阵营导与CIA之间摇摆时，他的信仰却一直坚定并且独立于政治立场之外。客观地说，homeland起初并没有明确的区分brody的恐怖主义行为和伊斯兰信仰，但最终我们知道他们是完全不同的。因此在brody帮助cia抓捕并杀死nazir之后，他仍然会在早上进行祷告。
Now, naturally, any television show about the modern war on terror in the Middle East is going to have Middle Eastern terrorists, both Arab and Muslim.Homeland certainly has those. But what's remarkable about the show is how many non-Arab
and non-Muslim villains it features, including in the highest echelons of the US government and its security agencies. Most notably, there is the corrupt Vice President William Walden (Jamey Sheridan), who publicly lies about a drone strike that killed 83 children to further his political career and ultra-hawkish foreign policy, and the CIA counter-terrorism director David Estes (David Harewood) who helps him cover it up. In a conspiracy worthy of the feverish imagination of America's worst foes, the two even plot to assassinate Brody, who has knowledge of the
strike, to prevent their wrongdoing from coming to light.
毫无疑问任何关于中东反恐战争的剧集都会出现中东的恐怖分子。Homeland当中也有。但引人注目的是homeland刻画了许多在美国政府高层的非阿拉伯和非穆斯林的反面人物。其中就包括副总统William Walden和cia副局长David Estes。
In other words, the show questions the security state, reveals the horrific collateral damage of America's drone program, and pointedly demonstrates how such unaccountable power can lead to corruption. In episode after episode, monochromatic moral thinking—an "us or them" mentality—is shown to be the true villain, rather than one particular nationality or ethnic group.
其次，homeland揭示并严厉拷问了美国的无人机空袭战略带来的连带伤害，并指出了这种不负责任的行为导致的道德沦丧。最终我们发现一种非你即我的论调才是所有伤害的罪魁祸首，而不是某个固定的国家或组织。
Yes, the show gets details of Islamic faith and Arab culture wrong. There are
mispronunciations of Arabic names and phrases, flawed representations of
religious rituals (as when Brody tenderly—but unnecessarily—buries a copy of
the Qur'an that was thrown on the floor), and simplifications of the complex
realities of the Middle East. But ignorance should not be mistaken for bigotry,
any more than the show's mangled rendition of the Jewish mourning prayer of
Kaddish in its season finale—recited by CIA officer Saul Berenson (Mandy
Patinkin) without the required prayer quorum, and with a line of nonsensical
Aramaic at the end—should be mistaken for evidence of anti-Semitism.
Error-ridden portrayals of religion are a common offense in Hollywood. More
important, though, is whether faith is presented in good faith—which it is.
Homeland的确有一些伊斯兰信仰和阿拉伯文化方面的错误细节。包括对阿拉伯人名的错误发音和拼写，对伊斯兰宗教仪式的错误描写和对中东复杂现实的简化。但这些不能被解读成偏见，否则saul的在未到规定人数下的以亚拉姆语为结尾的祷告就可以被理解为反犹主义的做法。对宗教的不实描写是好莱坞经常犯得错误。但更重要的是，宗教信仰是否以正面的形式展现。
The best response, then, to perceived flaws in a well-intentioned show like Homeland is not shrill accusations of prejudice, but constructive suggestions for improvement. Because while there are shows that traffic in ethnic and religious stereotypes and promote superficial moral thinking, this simply isn't one of them.
对homeland这部以积极姿态面对未来反恐战争的剧集的某些细节错误，我们应该为了她的进步提出建设性的意见而不是一味进行尖锐的带有歧视性的批评。因为homeland始终在以包容开放性的态度看待东西方的社会。
其次，homeland揭示并严厉拷问了美国的无人机空袭战略带来的连带伤害，并指出了这种不负责任的行为导致的道德沦丧。最终我们发现一种非你即我的论调才是所有伤害的罪魁祸首，而不是某个固定的国家或组织。
Yes, the show gets details of Islamic faith and Arab culture wrong. There are
mispronunciations of Arabic names and phrases, flawed representations of
religious rituals (as when Brody tenderly—but unnecessarily—buries a copy of
the Qur'an that was thrown on the floor), and simplifications of the complex
realities of the Middle East. But ignorance should not be mistaken for bigotry,
any more than the show's mangled rendition of the Jewish mourning prayer of
Kaddish in its season finale—recited by CIA officer Saul Berenson (Mandy
Patinkin) without the required prayer quorum, and with a line of nonsensical
Aramaic at the end—should be mistaken for evidence of anti-Semitism.
Error-ridden portrayals of religion are a common offense in Hollywood. More
important, though, is whether faith is presented in good faith—which it is.
Homeland的确有一些伊斯兰信仰和阿拉伯文化方面的错误细节。包括对阿拉伯人名的错误发音和拼写，对伊斯兰宗教仪式的错误描写和对中东复杂现实的简化。但这些不能被解读成偏见，否则saul的在未到规定人数下的以亚拉姆语为结尾的祷告就可以被理解为反犹主义的做法。对宗教的不实描写是好莱坞经常犯得错误。但更重要的是，宗教信仰是否以正面的形式展现。
The best response, then, to perceived flaws in a well-intentioned show like Homeland is not shrill accusations of prejudice, but constructive suggestions for improvement. Because while there are shows that traffic in ethnic and religious stereotypes and promote superficial moral thinking, this simply isn't one of them.
对homeland这部以积极姿态面对未来反恐战争的剧集的某些细节错误，我们应该为了她的进步提出建设性的意见而不是一味进行尖锐的带有歧视性的批评。因为homeland始终在以包容开放性的态度看待东西方的社会。
